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About the RDF Model

  1. About the RDF Model for Authority Data
  2. Vocabulary Used in the Authority Data
  3. Transcription
  4. RDF/XML Format Specifications

1. About the RDF Model for Authority Data

1-1. Personal Names, Family Names, Corporate Body Names, and Works

Personal names, family names, corporate body names, and works in authority data comprise a two-tiered model that includes (1) information to maintain authorities (authority information) and (2) the entity represented by the authority data (name entity). This happens because the name entities represented by the authority data for personal name, family name, corporate body name, and work are used as such as the instances of dcterms:creator which has the range of Agent class, which means that the name entity needs the unique identifier apart from that of the authority information.
The authority information and name entity are linked by the relationship “foaf:primaryTopic”, which means that the name entity is a primary topic of authority information.
Authority data for the Name / Title “夏目, 漱石, 1867-1916″(ID: 00054222) is expressed in RDF/Turtle as follows.

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix xl: <http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#>.
@prefix rdag1: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr1/>.
@prefix rda: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr2/>.
@prefix frbrent: <http://RDVocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix ndl: <http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.

<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00054222>
	foaf:primaryTopic <http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/entity/00054222>;
	rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept>;
	dct:modified "2020-11-30T16:31:43";
	dct:created "1979-04-01";
	xl:prefLabel [xl:literalForm "夏目, 漱石, 1867-1916";ndl:transcription "ナツメ, ソウセキ, 1867-1916"@ja-Kana,"Natsume, Soseki, 1867-1916"@ja-Latn];
	rdfs:label "夏目, 漱石, 1867-1916";
	xl:altLabel [xl:literalForm "夏目, 金之助";ndl:transcription "ナツメ, キンノスケ"@ja-Kana,"Natsume, Kinnosuke"@ja-Latn;dct:description "本名"],[xl:literalForm "Natsume, Soseki"],[xl:literalForm "Soseki Natsume"],[xl:literalForm "Нацумэ, Сосэки";ndl:transcription "Natsumė, Sosėki"@ja-Latn],[xl:literalForm "Nacume, Soseki"],[xl:literalForm "나츠메, 소오세키"],[xl:literalForm "نتصميه, صوسك";ndl:transcription "Natṣumīh, Ṣūsiki"@ja-Latn],[xl:literalForm "Нацуме, Сосеки";ndl:transcription "Nat︠s︡ume Soseki"@ja-Latn];
	dct:source "坊ちゃん","文化人名録 第26版";
	skos:exactMatch <http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/NDL%7C00054222#skos:Concept>;
	skos:inScheme <http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth#personalNames>.

<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/entity/00054222>
	rdf:type <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>;
	foaf:name "夏目漱石";
	rda:dateOfBirth "1867";
	rda:dateOfDeath "1916".

Authority information, all basic elements of which can be described in document on the Web, is treated as “Information Resources”, which can be directly obtained by access URIs. On the other hand, because name entities cannot be obtained via a network, dereferenceable URI will not be assigned to the name entities according to the architecture of the web. Name entity URIs are treated as 303 URIs, return HTTP code 303 see other, and redirect to authority data URIs when referenced.

Example:
URI of the personal name authority “夏目, 漱石, 1867-1916” (ID: 00054222)

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1-2. Geographic Names, Uniform Titles, Topical Terms, Genre/Form Terms, and Subdivisions

Geographic names, uniform titles, topical terms, Genre/Form Terms, and subdivisions comprise a single-tier model including only authority information, because 1) dcterms:subject, which may be used in these authority data, has no range specified, 2) there is no need to distinguish the descriptive information about the entity itself and administrative information about the authority data such as date created or last updated because the concept described is specific to the Web NDL Authorities.
The authority data for the heading “セマンティックウェブ” (ID:01017771) is expressed in RDF/Turtle as follows.

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix xl: <http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#>.
@prefix rdag1: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr1/>.
@prefix rda: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr2/>.
@prefix frbrent: <http://RDVocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix ndl: <http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/>.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.

<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/01017771>
	rdf:type <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept>;
	dct:modified "2017-04-27T16:35:52";
	dct:created "2005-11-16";
	xl:prefLabel [xl:literalForm "セマンティックウェブ";ndl:transcription "セマンティックウェブ"@ja-Kana,"Semantikkuebu"@ja-Latn];
	rdfs:label "セマンティックウェブ";
	xl:altLabel [xl:literalForm "セマンティクウェブ"],[xl:literalForm "Semantic Web"];
	dct:source "セマンティックWeb / 斎藤信男, 萩野達也 監訳 ; Dieter Fensel, James Hendler, Henry Lieberman, Wolfgang Wahlster 編","goo辞書 (200511)";
	skos:inScheme <http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth#topicalTerms>;
	owl:sameAs <http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/セマンティックウェブ>;
	skos:relatedMatch <http://id.ndl.go.jp/class/ndlc/DK411>,<http://id.ndl.go.jp/class/ndc10/007.3>,<http://id.ndl.go.jp/class/ndc9/547.483>,<http://id.ndl.go.jp/class/ndc9/694.5>;
	skos:broader <http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00841024>;
	skos:closeMatch <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2002000569>;
	skos:related <http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/01017770>,<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00981806>,<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00575010>.

<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00841024> rdfs:label "インターネット".
<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/01017770> rdfs:label "オントロジー (情報科学)".
<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00981806> rdfs:label "メタデータ".
<http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00575010> rdfs:label "情報検索".

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2. Vocabulary Used in the Authority Data

The following vocabulary is used to describe authority information.

Table 1: Vocabulary used to describe authority information
Vocabulary Property
SKOS-XL* skosxl:prefLabel, skosxl:altLabel
SKOS skos:inScheme, skos:broader, skos:narrower, skos:related, skos:relatedMatch, skos:closeMatch, skos:exactMatch, skos:historyNote, skos:note
DC-NDL dcndl:transcription, dcndl:anotherName, dcndl:previousName, dcndl:laterName, dcndl:realName, dcndl:artName, dcndl:pseudonym, dcndl:associatedPlace, dcndl:familyInformation, dcndl:otherAttribute, dcndl:formOfWork
RDFS rdfs:label
Dublin Core dcterms:creator, dcterms:isPartOf, dcterms:hasPart, dcterms:source, dcterms:created, dcterms:modified
FOAF foaf:primaryTopic
OWL owl:sameAs

The following vocabulary is used to describe name entities.

Table 2: Vocabulary used to describe name entities
Vocabulary Property
FOAF foaf:name**, foaf:Person, foaf:Organization***
RDA Group 2 Elements rda:dateOfBirth, rda:dateOfDeath, rda:fieldOfActivityOfThePerson, rda:biographicalInformation, rda:professionOrOccupation, rda:corporateHistory, rda:familyHistory, rda:dateOfEstablishment, rda:dateOfTermination, rda:dateAssociatedWithTheCorporateBody, rda:prominentMemberOfTheFamily
FRBR Entities for RDA frbrent:Family, frbrent:Work***
  1. *SKOS-XL is used for the following two reasons.
    • There is a distinction between preferred labels (=Name(s) / Title(s)) and alternative labels (=Variant Name(s) / Title(s) and Variant term(s)), and SKOS-XL fulfills the requirements for structuring the labels and assigning a transcription.
    • Sharing the preferred and alternate label expressions with all of the authority data enhances convenience to users.
  2. **In order to enhance convenience to users by expressing the same kind of data with the same property, the term “foaf:name” is common to each name entity type (rdf:type).
  3. ***With respect to name entity types (rdf:type), “foaf:Person” and “foaf:Organization” are used for Personal Name and Corporate Body Name, while “frbrent:Family” and “frbrent:Work” are used for Family Name and Work. While “Person” and “Corporate Body” classes are also defined in FRBR Entities for RDA, the more popular FOAF classes have been adopted.

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3. Transcription

The preferred labels (=Name(s) / Title(s)) and alternative labels (=Variant Name(s) / Title(s) and Variant Term(s)) are expressed with “skosxl:prefLabel” and “skosxl:altLabel” respectively. For expression of the transcription of them, “dcndl:transcription” , defined by the National Diet Library Dublin Core Metadata Description (DC-NDL), is used. Transcriptions in both Japanese katakana and Roman alphabet are described in the authority records, and the language attributes “ja-Kana” and “ja-Latn” are used respectively.

4. RDF/XML Format Specifications

The RDF/XML format specifications are divided below into the two lists “Personal Names, Family Names, Corporate Body Names, and Works” and “Geographic Names, Uniform Titles, Topical Terms, Genre/Form Terms, and Subdivisions”.

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